O2Link Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi technology
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) is a Wi-Fi standard devised by IEEE with the goal of providing the best Internet quality even in public Wi-Fi environments by being optimized for multi-access environments.
Wi-Fi 6 supports speeds of up to 10Gbps and can implement speeds of 1Gbps with wider coverage and lower latency. This is why Wi-Fi 6 is also called High Efficiency Wireless (HEW) in the IEEE and Wi-Fi alliances.
According to Draft 1.0, there are 0 to 11 categories for MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) specifications. With the highest standard of MCS Category 11, 800 ns Guard Interval (GI) with 160 MHz bandwidth, link speeds of up to 1.2 Gbps per channel can be achieved via up to 1024-AM. MIMO supports up to 8 streams and can achieve link speeds of up to 9.6 Gbps in MCS category 11.
Wi-Fi 6 introduces new technologies such as MU-MIMO, spatial frequency reuse, target wake time (TWT), and dynamic fragmentation to be used in both OFDMA and downlink, extending from 802.11ac to 106- QAM, extending the GI cycle from 0.4/0.8 μs to 0.8/1.6/3.2 μs, and improving the cycle from 3.2.8/3.4 μs.
Wi-Fi 7 is a next-generation Wi-Fi standard based on the IEEE 802.11be standard currently being studied by IEEE. It is also known as EHT (Extremely High Throughput).
O2 Link is configuring and servicing the network by introducing Wi-Fi 6 equipment, including 5 Wi-Fi equipment in the past, and is preparing to be applied when using Wi-Fi 7, the next-generation technology scheduled to be developed in 2024.
Fast Roaming(Hand Over)
It is a technology that switches connections between APs (Access Points) and APs, which allows network connectors to use services without network disruption while moving.
The problem with government-led public Wi-Fi installed in the region is that APs are densely installed under the concept of Point, but the network is disconnected and reattached when moving due to lack of connection between APs, which causes inconvenience in terms of user convenience, which negatively affects individuals’ use of public Wi-Fi.
In some areas, mesh networks are formed to solve this problem, but due to the nature of networks used by many in public areas, mesh networks are difficult to ensure performance stability due to bottlenecks in which traffic is concentrated on one line.
O2 Link implemented and applied fast roaming through Access Point Controller (APC), considering that it 13 O2 Token White Paper O2 Link WiFi is a network service in the public domain that can be moved at any time.
Security in a Wi-Fi Environment
IFree1’s O2 Link service applied the Server to Client communication method through RADIUS authentication to solve hacking and security vulnerabilities, which are the biggest concerns about the public network.
RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service and refers to an authentication protocol for implementing AAA functions.
• Authentication: Network, verify the identity of the user before allowing access to the system
• Authorization: Granting certain levels of privileges and services to verified users
• Accounting: Collect and audit and report user resource usage information
A RADIUS server is an authentication server for remote access by H/W or S/W used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to authenticate and authorize users before a remote user connects to an AP.
Transactions between the client and the RADIUS server are authenticated using shared passwords that are not transmitted over the network, and the user password is encrypted between the client and the RADIUS server to eliminate the possibility that users can verify their passwords on an insecure network.
RADIUS Packet Structure
Code (8Byte) : RADIUS packet type 1: Access Request, 2: Access Reply (Accept), 3: Access Reject, 4: Accounting Request, 5: Accounting Response, 11: Access Challenge, 12: Status Server, 13: Status Client, 255: (Reserved)
Identifier (8Byte) : The message serial number used to match the request and reply packet Packet Length (16 Byte) : Minimum packet length is 20 bytes
Authenticator, Authenticator (16 Byte) : Request packets from the RADIUS server are randomly generated; reply packets to the RADIUS server are MD5 hash values using the request packets
Attributes, Attributes: Authentication-related attributes such as username, password, etc. Format of expression: TLV (Type-Length-Value) 1: User Name 79 : EAP Message 80 : EAP Message Authenticator
O2Link maintains client security by blocking access from the outside to the AP and applying an encryption algorithm that utilizes the flexibility of RADIUS’ Mechanism.
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